calculating  machine  - x



Dec'. 19, 1933. J. H. BAlR CALCULATNG MACHINE Filed Jan. 7. 1928 Imm/Tm www Vf/ML PatenteclwDec. 19, 1933` t ne l' '13402069 v131404169 l oALoULzi'IliNGy MACHINE t `4*Joseph Bair, Camp Hill, Pa. application Januaryd, 192s. V.serial No. 2215314 v 1o claims. crass- 74) l My inventionk relates to calculating` machines of the class-actuated by means of apencil or stylus, and comprising a series of toothed,l annu-v lar, numberebearing `disks, horizontally mounted on a base, in 'such a manner that they are in line with each otherand that the circumferences of adjacent onesfairly touch, but .do not interfere with, or modify eachothers limited, there-andback "rtationfl The teeth are adapted to been` gaged by theactuatingpencil point in 'a race, or slot, through which they are exposed,and the disks Ithereby actuatediinjeither direction to a stop.. The'numbers, of theseries on the disk under' the cover, are successively displayed through a `total window in it. On the margin of thiscover', for each disk is anumeral series,'one above, and, one counter to it below, to indicatev where kthe pencil is ,to be entered to effect a re'- sult, disclosed in the total dial, consistent with the numberselected. Addition and multiplication operations take `place abovewhile those'ofsubtraction and division take place below. There are. no complementsrequired. 'Each disk has `one'long tooth aboveand one belowgrecurvedupon itself insuch ,a manner' that it serves as a ponteny It is in such a relation (above). to the setting-up` numeral-series and the number displayed in they window ofyeach disk always that any number, of

the series, ,to the right of 'it addednto the number.V

showing -in the window equals .9,01* :less than 9 i while any lnumbertotheleft ofgit added to the number displayed equals 10 or more than 10. Consequently .when the number, of any transaction toA be madewith the machine,'.falls"tofthe'right ofi:

,thev `pointer engage, the. diskk at .that-point" and draw right to the stop; when it-'fallslto" the left, draw leftward to the stop which carriesinto the adjacent, higher-denomination wheel'. Drawing' leftward always carries, `and if the tooth, on the disk into which to carry,hlocks the actuatingpencil point from driving tothe bottom of the slot it is required to retract the point and into the short-4 curved slot leftward to the` slot of the `disk that* blocked'the carrying. YContinue in this slot re tractingthe disk all Ythe way and carry intothe., next one, If` againblocked repeat, disk after disk until carrying succeeds. The reasons for operating-the machine the same below for subtraction as above for addition are' that ,the numbers' to ,y the right of the-pointer tooth below are equal to or less than thatz'shown in the window while those tothe left are all greater and,`consequently, re-

quire the borrowing of 10 foranynumberftothe` left of the pointer from the L denomination.

*able and reversible. i cf order'. .It isso constructed that it can ybe taken' -attachment operated-bythe numeral typinglkeysiu disk next higher up in I I book, to line up across and to be slid down as the' f The purposes ofthe invention are simplicity, cheapness, accuracy, adaptability, speed'and port.-

j ability.` A sevenbank machine, instantly change',-

able from whole numbers to'dollars and cents, and vice versa-and carrying three sets of dials, two of which are decimally-shiftable tojmakeit apractical `multiplying and dividing machine is composed'of Vbutfourteenseparable parts, most of which" are Veryfsimple and :seven ofl which are4 interchangeable. Two of the three-part -denominating device are also interchangeable. The decimally shiftahle` parts, `carrying in multiplication the 'multiplier and multiplicandV and indivision the divisor and the quotient are also interchange- The device cannot get vout apart and refassembled at the rate of several times' a minute. f r j Another object is to provide a calculating machine that is of a design adapted to be attached to the base of a typewriter, onthe front of itk kand below the space-bar, so that when operated in connection with a typewriter as abilling or'4 'aA listing machine, it ihasthe capacity of the moreelaborate and expensive machines ,and also is nomean substitute for them. LIn many businesses where a monthly statement'is sent out.,

to customers, aibilling machinewith an-adderl is employed.V` l l With my device attached to a billing type-a writer to constitute a billing adder, all the lterns, literal ornumeral, are typed with the same `fa#-v cility. The printing is uniformas ever-y' print.

ing character strikes the papen with the-sameforce.- I i `The bulk of small businesses can/not aiordv both a typewriter.- and a calculating machine.` Myv csf calculator attached doesanot materially increase p the cost of` the typewriter, yet affords'the facili'-fr ties of both. Infact, it is afair` substitutefior a listing machine, a writer. l U ,Y

A nal purpose of'the invention/isa calculat-` ing machine that `can be'attached'to' a type# writer, and be detached from it, in a momentv of time.

billing machine/and a typeindependently .off the typewriter, or to use both* at Vthe 4same time by diierent operators 'and `on different work. kThis is impossible on the elaborate machines and on those attachments thatY have no actuating meansof their own. lMy ma-f chine isiadaptedto be laid'on a book-keeping There aretimeswhenit is desirable tof. `take thecalculating machine home, orto use` it numbers of a column are listed. When returned to the typewriter it is quickly attached again and as securely firm as though it were an integral part of the machine,

Having now described the purposes and functionings of my invention, for a fuller comprehension of its detail structure I refer to the drawing, of which:-

Figure I is a full sized, plan view of the machine.

Figure II is a plan View of a selected portion of the base. This part, like the cover, is formed up out of thin sheet-metal, and carries depressions, and races for the actuating pencil, and is adapted to house between it and the cover the calculating disks, vof which,

Figure III is a detail, plan view.

Figure IV is a selected portion of a channel piece, by means of which the base and cover parts are locked together and the number carrying slides are housed. These slides are preferably white and of a cellulose material, capable of having numeral characters written thereon by a pencil, and to have them shifted decimally and erased when no more required.

Figure V is an enlarged, perspective detail of a spring shown in position in Figure II.

Figure VI is a cross section, on the line VI--VI, looking in the direction of the arrow of Figure I, enlarged.

Figure VII is an enlarged, perspective detail of the denominating device, showing its structure and method of assembling it.

1 is the base of the calculator, 2 the cover, 3 the number disks housed between base and cover, 4 and 4 slidable strips and 5 the channel carrying them and by means of which the base and cover are locked together when the calculator is assembled. These strips 4 and 4', preferably of white Celluloid, are adapted to have numbers 14 and 14 written thereon, in the windows 13 and 13 exposing a portion of them, by the actuating pencil P (Fig. 8). These numbers are shiftable by sliding the strips of Celluloid upon which they are written so as to display them in windows representing higher or lower decimal positions. The channel part 5, in which these slides 4 and 4' are operated, has a series of intermediate studs 15, struck up out of the metal, which serve as a partition to keep the slides apart and in line with their respective series of windows and also aord a means of assembling the base, cover and channelandof keeping them locked firmly together as effectively as though it were done with screws. On the bottom of the channels, and integral with them, are pressure bands D.V These are formed by a slot on either side and they are slightly bent up in their middles above the plane of the base so as to exert a slight pressure on the slides overlying them. This assures the slides staying in the position they are placed to expose the numbers thereon properly in the windows and at the same time makes them readily yield 4when sliding them to expose the f figures in other windows.

The number disk 3, carrying a numeral series 9 on a sector thereof and a series of notches 8, corresponding to the numbers, in a sector opposite to the number sector, is margined by a series of equally spaced teeth 6, in relation to the numbers and the notches, and of which there is one long tooth 7 and another rI diametrically opposite it adapted to be recurved upon themselves and to serve as pointers, as hereinafter to be described.

The base plate 1 carries a series of pans 11', all in line with each other, and adapted to have laid in them, flat on their bottoms, the respective counter disks 3 and to have placed over them the cover 2 in such a manner that the pans 11 thereof extend through the openings of their respective number disks, forming for them bearings and seating in the marginal depressions 3l of the corresponding pans 11 of the base with which they are concentric. In this relation, the notched sector 8 of the disks 3 superposes the clearance races 28-28 of the base and the end stops 29-29 of the sector 8, in its there-and-back excursions, abut against the respective ends 30-30' of the counter clearance raceways thus determining the limits of rotation of the disks 3. The central openings in the` pans l1 are laterally extended so as to interrupt the clearance races 28-28. At the ends of this interruption are slots 32, the rims of which are depressed to the plane of the rest of the margin 31 of the cut away, to receive the turned down ends 32 of the spring (shown in Figure V) which spans the gap and presses'its hump 8 (Figure II) into a notch of sector 8 of the disk overlying. The hump of the spring always cooperating with the notch in line, clicks the disk into the exact position it should be. The disk always yields readily to the actuating pencil, yet it is sure never to be left in an intermediate position.

With the cover 2 on the base 1 and the disks 3 interposed respectively between the pans 11 and 11', as is the case when the machine is assembled and ready for use, the teeth of any disk, above and below, extend beyond the margin of the cover and are exposed in a slot 22 above and 22 below, formed between the margin of the cover pan 11 and the rim ofthe base pan 11. Through the guidance of the setting-up series, 20 above, and 20 below, the teeth in these slots are selectively engaged and actuated by the pencil. On the upper margin, around the pan 11 o the cover is this index series, in counter-clockwise arrangement, and stepped with the teeth extending beyond it. Below, the series is in clockwise arrangement. One of the teeth 6, exposed above, is the pointer 7, and below is the pointer 7. The index series 2O and 20 indicate, for any number which is to enter into a transaction, where the pencil is to engage the teeth in the actuating slot exposing them. The requirement is (as already explained above) that if the pencil engages the disk to the right of the director tooth it is drawn to the right to the stop (2l if adding and 21 if subtracting). Addition transactions take place above, as do also multiplications, which are merely repeated additions; subtraction and division (repeated subtraction) transactions take place below. If the actuating pencil engages the teeth to the left of the director tooth it is required to draw it leftward to the stop 23, or 23', which involves carrying, i. e., advancing or retracting the adjacent, or next, higher-denomination disk one step. The result of the transaction is shown in the sight openings 12, of the cover, which display, each, that number of the underlying series of the sector 9 which happens to stop below it. All these openings 12 together show the total and are designated as the total-dial.

In the base 1, and below the slots formed by the spaces interposing the periphery of the pans 11 and the marginal flanges of the cover pans l1 in which the teeth 6 are exposed, are halfround races 22, 22', and 23 and 23'. These provide clearance under the exposed teeth and a1'- is complete.

ford the actuatingpencil-point more purchase so that it is' not likelytovslip over .them but Ato drive them along in the actuatingtstroke. The races and/25 aresthose leading from the slots of `one wheelfto those `ofxanother adjacent to it.'

Onthe margin ofthe cover, and on thebase below them are arms 26 and26' to assure that the actuating pencil-point will not leave `its required course when rapidly passing from Athe slots Vof one disktofthose of the other..f When the pencil is resisted from making the carryingtransacton,

and can, therefore, not enter theslot 23 (.23zin:

f subtraction) it is retracted and driven'along `the lteethare exposed at theirforward edge,va ridge 27 borders the outer edge of `the pencil race 22 to keepthe pencil in its course. This arrangef'` mentor the teeth extending beyondthey terrace makes its easy for the ngerfsliding along on the flange against the terrace, from left toright, to

engage the teeth of the `successive disks, asi` it passes, and drag `them tofare-set position, to show a nought (0) in all the total windows. `Here Y is the most lpracticalmeans l of satisfactorily resetting the machine. By onejstroke of thenger across the` front, thetotal showing is wiped out; and there is no clearing mechanism to 'getout of' order. It "is indicated Aby the signs: 16 17y 18 (X) and 19 (+)V printed onthe machine where addition, subtraction, multiplication` and division transactions take place. i 1

The denomination indicator (Figures I,V

andVII) isa shifting device'byrneans of "which to change the machineY from indicating. dollarsy 1 and cents to whole numbers, and vice versa.

Thls'is accomplished by two pointers 10 and `10' "united by aslotted rod 37.which,'.when oneis tuating pencil P, to prevent it from rolling on? shifted the distance .of one decimal step, the other is shifted also. The pointers 34, Vturned'up. at the free` end, are made out of thin sheet metal, of a hueto contrast with-that of the machine, andare bent to conform tothe rear and'top ofthe basel which has a longitudinal'slotinfthe rear (not shown) for eachpointer. This slot ,is the. length of the distance vbetweenftwo. adjacent ytotal Yvvinf dows.. A tongue'35f(Fig.' VII.) ,ybent inlfro'mthei rear of the pointerlplate 10, extends through the slot in the base andthe slot 36 in the connecterl plate 37.` AV slit half throughthe tongue permits itto be bent up so thatit cannot slipout.V 'The band 37, being of spring material and flexed, pulls in at they two ends where it is attached to lpointers 10 and 10, by means of the tongues therefrom extendingV through the clearance slots, pressesr 4these pointers firmly on the base and prevents them from accidentally being shifted. But at the same time it permits them to be slid to the other end of the slot'l when a change of denomination is wanted.` A little tongue 33 behind, sticking up from the pointer, in connection with the front end 34 being bent up, provides a place to lay the ac.

while using the typewriter to which it is attached. To disassemble the machine, as'illustrated in Figure I, it is required to press up from beneath the tongue` T in the base out` of mesh withy the notch t in the channel 5, where it serves as a latch. Push the channel unitward untilA the stud 15 `which comesup through a square hole 15T in the cover, isagainst the unitsxside of thehole, then its heel is free from'its support on the other .side ofthe hole and Wholly init and itwillfall down through ita'nd allr the parts of the machine are free and can be separated. f

, Addition and subtraction'have been explained. To'multiply, for example,- 425 by 335, write, with theactuating pencil, on the celluloid'strip inthe rst three windows respectively 4-#2-7-5, the multiplicand, above, and 3-35, the multiplier, be.

low, as is illustrated in Figure I. The multiplying y always takes place mentally. .In the units'position we note. 5 in the multiplicand and 5in thev multiplier: `5 5- -25. 'List the number'` wherel the number multiplied' is, not where the `number by which it is multiplied is.` The flrstproduct is 5 islisted in` theunits wheel and 2 in the tens'.A Youhavev ittheref25 in theftotal windows.

5 twosz'lO; list t'wherethe 2:,(multiplicand) is. 5 ours`=20- List it where the four is. have in your total'2125. v That is: 425 multiplied by 5 equals 2125. Now draw `the Celluloid strip 4` leftward one decimal position yso that the 425.

thereon isldisplayed in the thousands, hundreds and tens windows instead of in thehundreds," tens and units ones. Now multiplyV through by the second gure of the multiplier, 3. Butsup- And you i pose you begin at the other `end of the multiplicand.. This is easier. 3 fours=12. Listit where the 4 is. 3. twos=6.,` List it=wherethe v2 is.u3 fives=l5. List it where the 5 is. You havefmul-Vr tiplied 425'by30 and in the same operation added it to`5 times 425. Theresult is-14875.. Move .the slide 44 another decimal step leftward till it shows in the windows. .You arenow multiplying 425 b y 300; since the 3`of the multiplicand'335 is inthe .hundreds position'. Multiply through: 4.1by3, `2: by'y 3'andx` 5 by f3; never lforgetting yto .list

the #product each time `Where the multiplicand flgureis; i. Your totalshows 142.375. Return the Vjslide .4 to its .original position and .you vvhave In one dial is shown the'mulf tiplicand; inanother'the-multiplier andfinitotal dial, the product. .l Now suppose we ,f 'reverse'` the .operation and divide. We havei'n the Vtotal dial thezdivi'dend: 142375; in windows on theslide 4 the divisorzf335 and in .theupperfwindows the quot`ienty425.l Move leftward thef'devisor 335 until itisdispl'ayed under `the 142 of the dividend. 335 is notjcontained in' 142 so bring down the nextv number 3. This is done by retracting the `divisor 3351one decimal position. You now Yhave 1423 (inthe total) Vover.335 (the divisor). It' goes 4 times;

y The .4 isalread'y there of the quotient 42.5. vMultiply throughrby the-four (and as you are subtracting it must beA done below).

f'4"threes='12.' List it Where` the three is. 4 times 4 times 5:20.

3 again, VList it vwhere that 3Vis.

izo f List it where the 5 is. You have 83' left. You have lmultiplied 335 by 4 and at the same time` subtracted it from 1423, andthe differencev is the 83 remaining.,` 335 wont go into 83; so again bring down the next number 7 by retracting the -di.y visor. You have 837 over 335 and it goes 2 times.r `Multiply through by `2 and you have 167 left. f Bring down the last number andit goes 5 times.A

Multiply through and it comes out even. That is: there is nothing left in the total dial.

, My invention has been disclosed in its simplest and most practical form, but it can be modified in many details without violating the spirit of the invention. l

I claim:

1. A calculating machine comprising a number wheel of limited rotation, a number series thereon within the range of itsv rotation, .a window exposing a number of the series thereon, a stationary number series and 'a director, on the adjacent wheel, adapted to range .the stationary series and always in such relation to its numbers and the number exposed in the window that any number to the left of it added to the number in the window equals or exceeds 10, and any number to the right of it added to the number in the window is equal to, or less than 9, substantially as described.

2. A calculating machine comprising a'number wheel of limited rotation, a number series thereon within the range of its rotation, a window to display the numbers successively, a stationary number series, stops at the ends of the arc of rotation between which are exposed means for the actuation of the wheel in stepped relation to the numberson the stationary series and a director on the wheel, movable between said stops, and in such relation to the stationary series and the number in the window that actuation from a given number of the stationary series is always away from the director to the stop between which it and the numberfalls, substantially as described.

. 3. A Vcalculating machine comprising a series of Wheels ofl limited capacity for oscillation actuatedby means of teeth thereon, two stationary number series for each wheel, said number series being arranged counter and reverse to each other covering arcs equalv to the range of movement with the numbers in stepped relation tothe teeth, and two directors on each wheel associated respectively with the said stationary lseries land adapted reversely to traverse them in such a relation that the number to the right of the one director added to the number to the right of its'` counter director always equals 9, substantially as described.

4. A calculating vmachine comprising a series of wheels of limited capacity for'os'cillation actuated by means of Ateeth thereon,two stationary number series for each wheel said number series being arranged counter and reverse to each other covering arcs equal to the range of movement with the numbers in stepped relation to the teeth,

and two directors on each wheel associated respectivelyv :with the saidv stationary series and adapted to traverse them Areversely in such a relation that the number to the right of one director added to the vnumber to the right of its counter director always equals 9, and said number to the right of each counter director, in the series of wheels, in every transaction, forms the total, substantially as described.

5. In a calculating machine the combination of a plurality `of setting-up series, total display windows, decimally disposed windows adapted to display lan inscribed number and a decimally shifting velement adapted to receive said inscribed number to display .it in anyselected window, or plurality of windows, substantially as described.

6. In a calculating machine constituting a base and a series of toothed number disks of limited turnability mounted thereon, the combination of a toothed number-disk, actuable in both directions by means of the teeth, a slot for lthe teeth in which to engage them and said slot for each disk extending into the teeth of the adjacent one to the extent of one step and an accessory slot to connect thev slot ofr one wheel with'that of the adjacent ones to make them continuous, substantially as described.

7. A calculatingmachine comprising a series of wheels of limited capacity for oscillation, kactuable in both directions by means of teeth thereon exposed inslots to the extent of their range oiy movement, two stationary `setting-up number series for each wheel said series being counter and reverse to each other, one for addition and one for subtraction, and two directors on each wheel, each in such relation to the other and to its respective setting-up number series over which it is adapted to range, that actuation from any number in either setting-up series is always away from its director and the number to the right of the director on the counter stationary series, in the totality of wheels actuated, always shows the result of the transactions, substantially as described.

8. In a calculating machine, a frame member providing an' annular bearing and a ange in front of the bearing, a'wheel mounted on the bearing for limited rotation thereon, a series of characters on the wheel, a pointer on the Wheel, a plurality of sets of characters on said flange, and means for exposing a character on the wheel in each position thereof, said exposed character bearing a deflniterelation to the character at said pointer, substantially as described.

v,9. In a calculating machine, a frame member carrying an annular bearing and a flange in front ofthe bearing, a toothed wheel on the bearing, a series of characters on the wheel covered by the flange, awindow on the flange to expose a character on the wheel, a plurality of sets of characters on the` ange, and a -pointer on the wheel, said wheel being rotatable to bring the pointer to positions corresponding to those of the characters on the flange and characters into the window complementary thereto, substantially as described.

10. A calculating machine comprising a plurality of setting-up series, a respective plurality of total-display windows, a respective plurality` of windows adapted to display inscribed, decimally shiftable numbers and a decimally shiftable demarking and denominating device associated therewith, substantially as described.

- JOSEPH H. BAIR. 

